STUDY OF METEORITES THAT FORMED THE EARTH IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM

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Tokyo: According to a study, the materials that formed the Earth may have originated quite far out in the early solar system and then been brought in during the solar system's turbulent early history.

Carbonaceous meteorites, which are assumed to have come from outer main-belt asteroids, are supposed to have contributed to Earth's formation.

According to a new study led by Tokyo Institute of Technology experts, these asteroidal materials may have formed far out in the early solar system and then been brought into the inner solar system by chaotic mixing processes.

The findings, which were published in the journal AGU Advances, suggest that the surface minerals found on outer main-belt asteroids, particularly ammonia (NH3)-bearing clays, are formed from starting materials containing NH3 and CO2 ice that are only stable at very low temperatures and in water-rich environments.

The study suggests that outer main-belt asteroids formed in distant orbits and differentiated to generate various materials in water-rich mantles and rock-dominated cores based on these findings.

Using computer simulations, the researchers studied the chemical evolution of numerous possible primordial mixes meant to imitate primitive asteroidal materials to explain the source of inconsistencies in the recorded spectra of carbonaceous meteorites and asteroids. They then used these computer models to construct simulated reflectance spectra for comparison to the telescopically obtained ones.

According to their models, the starting material had to contain a significant amount of water and ammonia, a low abundance of carbon dioxide (CO2), and react at temperatures below 70 degrees Celsius in order to match the asteroid spectra, implying that asteroids formed much further out than their current locations in the early solar system.

If this theory is correct, Earth's formation and distinctive traits are the outcome of odd aspects of the solar system's formation.

"Whether our solar system's birth is a typical consequence remains to be determined," said lead author Hiroyuki Kurokawa of the Institute's Earth-Life Science Institute, "but several measurements suggest we may be able to set our cosmic history in perspective shortly" (ELSI).

There will be multiple opportunities to put this concept to the test; for example, this study predicts what will be discovered when Hayabusa 2 returning samples are analysed. Hayabusa is the asteroid sample-return mission of Japan's national space agency, JAXA.

If this theory about asteroids' distant origins is right, ammoniated salts and minerals will be found in Hayabusa 2's samples. Analyses of recovered samples from NASA's OSIRIS-Rex mission will give an additional check on this model.

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