A PLANET IS FORMING IN A UNIQUE WAY, ACCORDING TO HUBBLE

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NASA's Hubble Space Telescope recently captured a protoplanet in the process of developing, which was described as "intense and violent." The planet is growing in a protoplanetary disc around a young star that is about 2 million years old, with a unique spiral structure revolving around it.

This planet was given the name AB Aurigae b by scientists. It has been estimated that it is nine times the mass of Jupiter. It travels an incredible 8.6 billion kilometres to orbit its host star. It would take a very long time at that distance.

Scientists believe that disc instability is causing the planet to originate at such a great distance. And this goes against the generally recognised core accretion model's predictions for planet formation.

Data from two Hubble sensors, the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrograph, were merged for the research. They compared the results to those from the SCExAO advanced planet imaging equipment on Japan's 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii's summit.

"Interpreting this system is incredibly tough," Thayne Currie, the study's principal researcher, said. One of the reasons we required Hubble for this project was to get a clear image that would allow us to better distinguish the light from the disc and any planets."

"Hubble's extended life was crucial in assisting researchers in determining the protoplanet's orbit. He wasn't convinced that AB Aurigae b was a planet at first. Hubble's archive data, along with Subaru imagery, proved to be a turning point in his thinking."

"For a year or two, we couldn't detect this motion." Hubble gave a 13-year temporal baseline, which was adequate to detect orbital motion when paired with Subaru data."

"This result leverages terrestrial and space observations," stated Olivier Guyon of the University of Arizona in Tucson and Subaru Telescope in Hawaii. With Hubble's archive observations, we can go back in time. AB Aurigae b has now been studied at numerous wavelengths, yielding a consistent – and extremely robust – image."

"This result is solid evidence that some gas giant planets can develop by the disc instability method," said Alan Boss of the Carnegie Institution of Science in Washington, D.C. In the end, gravity is all that matters, because the remnants of the star-formation process will be pushed together by gravity in one way or another to form planets."

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